Repair / Problems / Suspension / Front forks bottom out

Suspension

Front forks bottom out

Ride with careAlso called: forks hit the stops, front suspension too soft, forks dive under braking, clunk over bumps

Fork assembly diagram with the spring along the tube
Fork assembly diagram with the spring along the tube
Oil level tool and syringe: wrong fork oil level changes the ride
Oil level tool and syringe: wrong fork oil level changes the ride
Home-made fork oil level tool from pipe and baster
Home-made fork oil level tool from pipe and baster
Fork parts diagram showing the spring and spacer under the top bolt
Fork parts diagram showing the spring and spacer under the top bolt
Fork diagram with top plug and spring: weak springs let forks bottom
Fork diagram with top plug and spring: weak springs let forks bottom

On a bump or under hard braking the forks compress all the way and stop with a hard clunk. The front may also dive a long way when you brake, or keep bouncing after a bump. The fork has too little oil (from a leak), old thin oil, tired springs, or it is carrying more weight than it was set up for. The spring holds the bike up; the oil slows the movement. Low or old oil means little damping, and tired springs mean the fork sits lower and has less travel left.

Is it safe to ride?

Ride with care at lower speed. Hard bottoming under braking can upset the bike. If one leg leaks heavily or oil is on the brake, do not ride.

Quick checks first

  • Look for oil on the fork tubes and legs.
  • Hold the front brake and push the bars down hard: does it go down too easily, or knock at the bottom?
  • Push down and let go: does it bounce more than once?
  • Is the bike carrying heavy loads on the front (bags on the bars, a front rack)?
  • A spacer on top of a sagged spring, or thicker oil, can firm up the front end. See Fit a fork spring spacer and Set the fork oil level.

Diagnose it step by step

1Is either fork leg leaking?

2Does the front bounce more than once after you push down and let go?

3Does the front sit lower than before, or does the fork use almost all its travel just with the rider on board?

  • Yes: the springs are tired. Check with Measure suspension sag. The workshop measures spring free length (K-Light 125: 300 mm new, replace below 295 mm).
  • No: go to step 4.

4Do both legs feel the same?

5Is the load heavier than the bike was built for, or is the front tyre soft?

  • Yes: reduce the load and set the tyre pressure with Check tyre pressure. A soft rear can also tip weight forward; see Rear sits too low.
  • No: have a workshop check the oil amount and grade is exactly as the manual says. Wrong amount or grade is common after a cheap service.

Causes, most likely first

Cause How to confirm Fix
Oil lost through leaking seals Oil on tubes Replace fork oil and seals
Old or wrong oil Bounces; never changed Replace fork oil and seals
Tired springs Sits low; large sag Measure suspension sag, springs replaced in pairs
Overload or soft tyre Load; gauge reading Reduce load, Check tyre pressure
Damaged damper in one leg Legs feel different Workshop

Reference values (K-Light 125)

Item Value Source
Fork oil per leg 285 ± 2 ml, grade 46# K-Light 125 manual, PDF p. 156
Fork spring free length, new / limit 300 mm / 295 mm K-Light 125 manual, PDF p. 154

Related problems

Sources
  • K-Light 125 manual, PDF pages 70, 154, 156
  • MAVCC Motorcycle Mechanic, PDF page 487
  • Unit 2 The Motorcycle, PDF page 38

Values marked K-Light 125 are for that reference bike. Use your own bike's manual for its values. Text CC BY-SA 4.0, Transitions Lab.